Gender roles Free Essay Example, 1250 words

The women are the chief decision makers at home but the males approve most of the decisions. This was the traditional gender role of the men and women in the American society and this was responsible for the rise of the sexual assaults and the domestic violence against the women. There were chances of women getting into the workplace but the chances were limited. There was bias against women in the workplace. However, with the development of the rules and the regulations, the women were allowed into the workplace and were given the same importance of that of the men. (York, 13th November 2007) There has been a rise in the number of women working in the organizations worldwide. However, there has been an effect of this in the family life. The women are perceived to take care of the families despite their status of work. The women in the modern society end up having to take care of multiple roles. The family consists of the children and the husbands and in some cases includes the parents. Therefore, it is a difficult proposition for the women to take care of the families after fulfilling the responsibility at the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender roles or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The condition is worse in the low-income group families where in some cases the women are the sole earners of the family. It is difficult for the women therefore, to take care of the family responsibilities. One of the main concerns in the family is the healthcare. 48% of the workingwomen have children at their homes and the responsibility lies with them for the health related problems of the family. 80% of the working mothers have to take care of the health related problems in the home. The situation is more acute in the case of the single mothers. In then case of the health related problems of the children most of the working mothers have to forego work and stay at home. 50% of the working mothers have to stay at home and 39% have to call someone to attend the child. It has been seen that a much lesser number of men (30%) miss work relating to the health problems of the child. The women who miss the work for the health related problems of the chi ldren do not get paid. The low-income level groups of mothers are the most effected in this regard. This leads to the concerns over the work related activities. It has been seen that most of the working mothers have concerns that their colleagues will not understand their problems and fear of being mistreated in the workplace. In addition to the children in the family, the women are also responsible in monitoring the health conditions of the other family members.

Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Biological Rhythms by Charles...

The general rule of thumb is that to be healthy individuals need to get a minimum of eight hours of sleep a night. Some people get more, and some people get along well with less, but everyone needs to get enough sleep or else they cannot function effectively in their everyday activities. In their work, Your Guide to a Healthy Sleep, National Institutes of Health pointed out that sleep is very important to human existence, so important that one-third of a person’s life is spent doing it (1). In Sleep, Sleep Disorders, and Biological Rhythms, Amlaner said, â€Å"Sleep is a required activity, not an option† (19). During sleep the human body has an opportunity to recuperate from the activities of the day. The recuperation goes beyond that†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, they reported that non-REM sleep is divided into four stages. The first stage occurs right after an individual falls asleep and accounts for about five percent of total sleep. During stage one sle ep people can be awakened easily, and sometimes during this stage of sleep people may experience a sensation of falling. The second stage of non-REM sleep accounts for about fifty percent of total sleep time. During stage two sleep the body prepares itself for deep sleep by lowering the heart rate and the body temperature. Stage three sleep accounts for about five percent of total sleep time. Stage three sleep is the beginning of deep sleep. Stage four sleep, which accounts for about twenty percent of total sleep time, is the deepest state of sleep. Stage four sleep is when people can experience sleepwalking and nightmares, and if someone is awaken during this stage of sleep they can feel a certain degree of disorientation. REM sleep accounts for about twenty percent of total sleep time. It occurs after the four stages of non-REM sleep and is characterized by rapid eye movement. According to Mallick, it is during REM sleep that most dreaming, and the most intense dreaming occurs (8). The four stages of non-REM sleep and REM sleep occur in cycles of about 90 minutes which repeat about four or five times in a night. REM sleep happensShow MoreRelatedWhy Is insomnia on the Rise? Essay1056 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially in the UK. This is an issue as it causes damage to ones biological state resulting in a negative change of the economical, personal and social state of the sufferer [1]. Therefore, this issue report will identify and discuss treatments and causes for the reason behind an increase in the number of insomniacs in the UK (graph one). Insomnia is described as a chronic condition in which one finds difficulty in getting to sleep and/or staying asleep [2] and occurs when the responsibilities of

Aquatred Case Free Essays

Goodyear should maintain their three current distribution outlets of small independent dealers, manufacturer-owned outlets, and franchised dealers while expanding distribution to target more specific types of consumers and geographic regions for their Aquatred launch. The current distribution channels for Goodyear projects have been successful; therefore, there is no reason to change something that works. Especially with its high price and high quality, the Aquatred would not be successful in distribution through service stations, warehouse club, or mass merchandisers due to their low cost focus. We will write a custom essay sample on Aquatred Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Goodyear should analyze specific types of consumers who would be most likely to purchase the Aquatred tire and push sales heavily towards this market segment. As discovered in the market tests, consumers who purchased Aquatred tires were more likely to have researched information about the tire prior to purchase, drove an imported car, and specifically sought out the Aquatred tire for purchase upon entry into a distribution center. Goodyear should use the knowledge to promote information on the Aquatred to consumers matching the above characteristics. For example, Goodyear should heavily promote and advertise the Aquatred tire due to the fact that the target consumer is research oriented before purchasing. Goodyear could also have a specific concentration on outdoorsy consumers. Consumers that frequently off-road and participate in other rural terrain areas would need a better quality tire with more safety for hazardous weather conditions. In addition to focusing on specific consumers, Goodyear should also target particular geographic regions that Aquatred would benefit most. Areas with large rain quantities would be more likely to purchase the Aquatred tire. Goodyear should look into meteorological patterns to determine such areas of focus. When car owners were surveyed about most important tire attribute, wet traction was the second most important which indicates that the interest already exists among consumers for a product to better serve this need. Also, Goodyear could tie in the human psychological need for safety by putting emphasis on Aquatred’s safety benefits in wet conditions. Consumers especially those with families will be more likely to overlook the higher cost in order to have a product more likely to ensure their safety and protection. In order to combat the issue of price, Goodyear could instill a loyalty program among its Aquatred users. Therefore, once consumers have initially purchased the product, there would be an even greater incentive to continue using Aquatred. Also, Goodyear would pocket the expense of the discount so dealers are satisfied with greater revenues thus a greater incentive to sell the Aquatred tire. Such a program would ease the tension on price among dealers and consumers. In addition to the loyalty program, Goodyear may need to develop a â€Å"promotion price† that would look like a deal to consumers but still ensure Goodyear receive their targeted price. The price is critical due to the fact that 75% of all Goodyear tires are sold on promotion and the company should be wary not to drive away large numbers of consumers due to price sensitivity. How to cite Aquatred Case, Essay examples

Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance. Answer: Introduction: Leadership is a vital function within an organization or business, and is commonly associated with the establishment of a clear vision, and communicating the vision with others and resolving conflicts between individuals in the organization, who are involved in the implementation and completion of the objectives and vision of the organization or business. Leadership is an attribute which allows an individual to lead or guide others (individuals, teams or the organization). Leadership can also be understood as the capacity of the management of any business or organization to set and reach difficult objectives, take quick decisions and decisive actions, and outperform competitors, as well as give inspiration to others to give their best performance and efforts (Northouse, 2018; Antonakis Day, 2017). The purpose of the assignment is to understand the importance of Leadership in organizational sustenance, performance and development. The study is aimed for managers and leaders in an organization. The information was found from secondary analysis of research data, and the leadership strategy studied in this context is Transformational Leadership. Any organization strives for survival and the sustenance of its existence through improvements in its performance. Moreover, to address the requirements of a competitive market, organizations should be able to improve their performances (Arslan Staub, 2013). Leadership is essentially vital to achieve the optimum productivity of the organizations. Also, success of an organization depends on the organizational performance, job satisfaction of the employees and the effective commitment shown by the employees. Studies suggest that leaders can help to motivate and assist the employees and staff and foster a competitive environment in the organization, and also promote benchmarks of quality in the professional growth of the staff (Miner, 2015). These can several positive effects on the organization. This concept of leadership concept was explained by James MacGregor Burns in 1978 (Burns, 1978). Such type of leadership is characterized by optimism, trust and positivity among the leaders, who can pr9vide emotional encouragement to their teams and ensure support innovations for them. Transformational leadership focuses on mutually beneficial objectives, motivation and emotional connectivity apart from the shared vision and values. This type of leadership can help an organization to achieve the current goals in a more efficient manner, by connecting performance with value rewards, and also ensuring that adequate resources are available to the employees to get the work done (McCleskey, 2014). They can outline a strategic objective, and communicate it to the staff and acting towards the development of commitment to the objective. Based on empirical studies and metal analysis, it can be assumed that transformational leadership is able to have a beneficial role on both individual perfor mances as well as organizational outcomes. Also, transformational leadership can allow an improvement in the follower performance and firm outcomes. Transformational leadership can be considered to be made of 4 parts: charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration (Bass Rigio, 2006). Leaders can utilise a situational approach in order to practice various leadership frameworks and styles, depending upon the subordinates maturity levels which determines the pattern of leadership that can be implemented (Meier, 2016). Organizational Performance: Organizational performance can be understood as the way of transforming of inputs to outputs, in order to achieve certain objectives. In this aspect, performance highlights the interaction between effective and minimal cost (economy); between effective costs and output realized (efficiency) and also between output and the outcome achieved by it (effectiveness) (Corvellec, 2017). As per Scott and Davis (2015), standardized forms of measurement of organizational performance does not exist, however, there are four main approaches which can be used to analyze the performance. The approaches are: The Goal approach (where the performance is measured based on the extent to which the business or organization can reach its goals); System Resource Approach (which relates to the interaction between the organization and its surroundings, and performance is measured by the capacity of the organization to take advantage of its environment to achieve and secure values and resources to succeed in the operations. Constituency Approach (when an organization is considered as effective by multiple stakeholders, and the performance is measured on the extent to which the organization has control over its resources). Competing Values Approach (which considers organizational objectives or goals being set in different ways through the requirements of the various sectors of the organization, and thus different criterion must exist for the measurement of the performance across each of these sector. Leadership and Organizational Performance: Leadership can allow an increase of the performance of an organization and leaders can function as key decision makers who can help to decide on the acquisition, development and deployment of the resources of an organization and also in the transformation of these resources into products or services of value and to deliver these values to the stakeholders of the organization (DInnocenzo et al., 2016). Therefore, leaders can act as significant sources of managerial advantage and provide a strong competitive advantage to the organization. Different studies have shown that a positive relation exists between performances at individual and organizational levels with effective transformational leadership. Also, behaviours related to transformational leadership are related to effectiveness of the subordinates in different types of organizational setup. The behaviour of the leaders can influence and motivate the employee, increasing their awareness and commitment to their duties and responsi bilities and develop a self interest in the improvement of the productivity of the organization (Madanchian et al., 2016). Studies by Zhu et al. (2005) found a connection between transformational leadership style and the performance of the organization among 170 companies in Singapore. The study also showed effective human resource management can influence the relation between performance and leadership skills through an increased commitment and improved motivation among the employees. Similarly, Kieu (2010) highlights the positive influence of transformational leadership on the working of an organization in IT industries. The study showed that transformational leadership as a significant analyst of employee performance, job satisfaction and commitment in the organization, and enable focus on empowerment and improving trust on the leader. Additionally, through inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation, it can also allow further improvement in the performance of the organ ization. Based on such aspects, effective leadership should be able to address the competing expectations of stakeholders in such a way that is ethical and obvious, and necessitates leaders to adopt transformational behaviour as a central function to ensure the survival of the organization (Madanchian et al., 2016). Conclusion: For the effective development of organizations, comprehending the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance is a significant aspect. Also, it is necessary to identify approaches and strategies that can help to improve performance of the employees as an important role played by the leaders. From the study of the literature, a positive relation was found between transformational leadership style and the performance of individuals and organization. This emphasizes that through transformational leadership, and organization can ensure continued growth and sustenance, and thus should be an important focus of the management within the organization. References: Antonakis, J., Day, D. V. (Eds.). (2017).The nature of leadership. Sage publications. Arslan, A., Staub, S. (2013). Theory X and theory Y type leadership behavior and its impact on organizational performance: Small business owners in the ?ishane Lighting and Chandelier District.Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,75, 102-111. Bass, B. M., Riggio, R. E. (2006).Transformational leadership. Psychology Press. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership New York.NY: Harper and Row Publishers. Corvellec, H. (2017).Stories of achievements: Narrative features of organizational performance. Taylor Francis. DInnocenzo, L., Mathieu, J. E., Kukenberger, M. R. (2016). A meta-analysis of different forms of shared leadershipteam performance relations.Journal of Management,42(7), 1964-1991. Kieu, H. (2010). Leadership styles and organizational performance. Madanchian, M., Hussein, N., Noordin, F., Taherdoost, H. (2016).Effects of Leadership on Organizational Performance.researchgate.net. Retrieved 19 April 2018, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305323612_Effects_of_Leadership_on_Organizational_Perf McCleskey, J. A. (2014). Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), 117. Meier, D. (2016). Situational Leadership Theory as a Foundation for a Blended Learning Framework.Journal of Education and Practice,7(10), 25-30. Miner, J. B. (2015).Organizational behavior 1: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Routledge. Northouse, P. G. (2018).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Zhu, W., Chew, I. K., Spangler, W. D. (2005). CEO transformational leadership and organizational outcomes: The mediating role of humancapital-enhancing human resource management.The leadership quarterly,16(1), 39-52.